岩石标本

岩石标本 sample 指在原生岩体采集的具有代表性特征，供观察鉴定、实验分析、研究或展示陈列的岩石块体。

          岩石常由多种矿物组成。其标本鉴定必须以矿物鉴定为基础。一般从以下四个方面进行 Rock is often composed of many kinds of mineral. The identification of specimens must be based on the mineral identification. Generally from the following four aspects：

1化学成分分析。查明岩石的化学成分 Chemical composition analysis. Find out the chemical composition of the rock.。

②矿物成分鉴定。查明岩石中的主要矿物、次要矿物、副矿物、伴生矿物的种属及其含量，为了确保所得结果准确无误，有时还必须对那些由多种矿物组成的岩石进行矿物分离，以选取极为纯净的单矿物样品。其分离过程包括标本检查、碎样和过筛、分选三个阶段。分选方法有重力法、磁力法、静电法、介电法、浮游法等

The mineral composition. Find out the main minerals in the rock, secondary minerals and accessory minerals and associated minerals of species and its content, in order to ensure that the results are accurate, sometimes must also be those with a variety of mineral rock composed by separate minerals in order to choose extremely pure single mineral samples. The separation process includes sample specimen examination, breaking and sifting - three stages of sorting. Sorting method uses gravity method and magnetic method, electrostatic method, dielectric method, floating method, etc. 。

③鉴别岩石的结构构造。前者是查明组成岩石的矿物结晶程度、形状、大小以及晶粒彼此之间、晶粒与玻璃质之间的相互关系；后者是查明岩石中不同矿物集合体的形状、大小及其彼此之间或岩石的各个组成部分之间的相互关系

To identify the structure of the rock. The former finds out the composition of rock mineral crystallization degree, shape, size, and grain between each other, and the relationship between grain size and vitreous which is found in rocks of different shape and size of mineral aggregate and its each other or the mutual relations between all parts of the rock.

④调查研究岩石标本在地壳里的产出状况。主要是查明岩石的形态 (层状、似层状、脉状、岩墙状、岩株状、岩基状等 )、延长和倾斜方向、规模或大小等。目前，岩石(包括部分矿石)标本的鉴定仍以偏光显微镜下的岩石薄片鉴定法比较常用，必要时也采用反光显微镜下的光片鉴定法及其他科学方法。

The investigation and study of rock specimens in output in the crust. Mainly to find out the shape of the rock (layered, stratified, vein, rock wall, rock strain, stress, etc.), extended and tilt direction, scale or size and so on. At present, rock (including ore) specimens identification of rock under polarizing microscope thin Slice identification method is most commonly used, if necessary, also USES reflective light microscopic identification method and other scientific methods.

以上中药浸制标本、腊叶标本、中药鉴别标本、植物标本、动物解剖标本、塑化标本、血管铸型标本、骨骼标本、剥制标本、昆虫标本、蝴蝶标本、地质标本、矿物标本、岩石标本以及中药标本馆、生命科学馆、动植物标本馆、地质标本馆的建设由河南金科达教学设备有限公司提供！